Is there no player protection for new players from ppl that are 150 levels higher then u?

The only protection you have after rank 20 and/or two weeks playing time is common sense. Don't attack/hack players that have buddies 150 ranks above you or you might get burned.

There is protection, newer players have small ships that are fast and agile while the older players have bigger ships that take more damage cause of their sheer size.
It's some sort of cap...

yeah. the most damage i can do to a level 1 is 10 damage. the most i can do to a level 16 is 21.

Its based on deck size so you got the lvl. one right but the lvl 16 could have more than that in deck if he had 50 deck size than you would be able to do 25 damage, if he had 70 then you could do 35, and so one its half of their deck size.

And no, before anyone ask's, there is no way to find out someones deck size before attacking them short of asking and hoping they tell you.

Also most of the time (depending on rank) some one that much higher than you would not even be able to see you do to limits set in the system stopping high ranking from seeing low ranking players and low ranking players from seeing high ranking players. I forget what it is for sure, but something like 30% of your rank in either direction is the ranks of players you can see.

That or you can look at his ship in the ship tab, check his "Size Class", go here
http://galaxylegion.com/wiki/index.php?title=Deck
and find out for yourself. That could work too.

IT's 40% above and below your rank.

Well I just started the game 4 days ago and doing missions on and out of no where this guy Gimmick farms me and he is lvl 150ish and its like im a one hit wonder

Was he hitting your ship or one of your planets?

he might be farming him off one of his planets. ive seen several low levels guarding planets, i just would prefer them to get into the game and level to around rank 50-70 before i attack them.

I think Spoonyjank was saying he had the same problem tho. maybe ask him what he did to stop it.